What Is Mental State At The Time Of The Offense

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Mental State at the Time of the Offense, sometimes abbreviated as MSO, is a determination of a defendant’s state of mind at the time he or she committed a crime. When a defendant’s mental state is at question, a sanity evaluation may be requested by the court, the defense, or the prosecution.

An MSO evaluation usually consists of a series of three interviews performed by a forensic psychiatrist. The first focuses on getting a personal history of the defendant, the second focuses on the defendant’s mental state at the time of the crime, and the third evaluates the defendant’s present mental state. Although all three interviews are important, the first one is one of the most important. A rating system for comparing the defendant’s own recounting with police reports, attorney notes, and any other histories is a must to determine the facts. The forensic psychiatrist becomes an investigator for the courts and may spend time reviewing collateral information and interviewing other third party persons. Factors such as planning the offense, awareness of guilt, and self-control are rated along with an analysis of the collateral information.

An MSO evaluation assesses if a mental disease or defect caused a cognitive impairment at the time of the offense. There are legally two grounds for an insanity plea: that the defendant did not know the nature and quality of the criminal act, and that the defendant did not know that the act was wrong. An individual can also be found insane if he had an “irresistible impulse,” and due to mental illness, lost control over his actions at the time of the offense.

The basis of an insanity plea rests on the basic premise that the defendant was not criminally responsible for his or her actions at the time of the offense due to the influence of a mental illness. Although each case is unique and may require additional testing or evaluation, most evaluations include the following:

– A review of records related to the specific offense (e.g., police records and witness statements)
– A review of background records and history (e.g., school records and psychiatric treatment records)
– Background information: social history, psychiatric history, medical history, substance abuse history, family background
– Clinical interview(s) of the defendant
– Defendant’s self-report of the incident(s)
– A review of collateral sources (e.g., interviews with family and police) related to the defendant’s mental status around, leading up to, and at the time of the offense
– Psychological testing (e.g., personality assessment tests)
– Observation of the defendant during evaluation sessions
– Malingering assessment
– Assessment of the defendant’s mental status at the time of the offense as per the relevant legal statute and case law
– Conclusions and opinions of the forensic psychiatrist
Malingering is always considered as a possibility, as is the possibility of brain damage. Malingering is routinely investigated by the evaluator and additional objective testing may be conducted at the discretion of the evaluator to confirm or deny a diagnosis of malingering.

As in so many instances in criminal law, the forensic psychiatrist plays a key role in determining an insanity plea. His or her evaluation almost always overrides all other considerations in a case.

Physical And Mental Preparation For Survival Scenarios

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To say that the modern populace has become soft when it comes to survival preparation for crisis or emergency is an understatement. Now is the time to rectify all that and begin planning for any emergency scenario, including criminal menace. Although you already know the demands of physical training on the body, you should also learn how to apply what you know about physical training to real-life situations in which you may have to ward off an enemy to defend yourself.
Going to the gym to build up your muscles is great, but no amount of body building will not teach you how to defend yourself on the street. Now you know that to become combat-ready, not just any physical training will do. There’s a world of difference between exercising your body to look good on a photograph and training your body to withstand combat scenarios which may alter from low intensity to high intensity over a matter of a few minutes.
Are you in top form for conflict?
Efficient self-defense lessons should actively include the whole package, including reactions to violence, like awareness, tactical evasion, when to escape, and combat diplomacy (also called trash talking in some circles). Training must not be confined by just physical aptitude to kick your attacker in the shin, regardless of how strong. One can assume then that combat fitness is more than just about physical strength, it’s about psychological willingness to take on an enemy that has the ability to threaten your life.
But, mental willingness for a crisis follows after you’ve taught your body to endure and keep at bay any physical attack. Having the physical aptitude to neutralize a threat gives you self-belief. Learning the strategies that will give you an edge over a physical menace can make you calmer in the face of danger. Conflict preparedness is not just about devices. It’s also about your capacity to battle even without your tools. That’s why unarmed combat is something that is stressed in the military and in self defense schools all over the country. You ought to be able to defend yourself and your family with or without a gun.
Ditch the Victim Frame of Mind
Your most terrible enemy isn’t the criminal who wants to grab your bag, it’s your outlook toward combat in general. Being a victim isn’t just a situation, it’s a state of mind. Not everybody realizes it, but we have been taught to think like victims by society in general.
For decades, we have heard people say we should stay away from conflict. This is a sensible principle. We should never generate conflict and we should at all times go for the diplomatic way to mend things. But what isn’t usually mentioned by anybody is how one should face conflict when it can no longer be prevented. When conflict comes flying to your side and you need to protect yourself, you can only rely on your physical training and tough spirit to fight back.
While it will do you good to keep a weapon around, as well as a list of emergency numbers to call should you encounter an intruder inside your home, it would be best if you also learned the concepts of genuine self defense. By real self defense we mean those unarmed combat tactics that soldiers apply in the front line when their life is on the line.

My Personal Experience with the Mental Health System

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What follows is my journey into madness with the help of so-called mental health professionals. Keep in mind these events took place in Massachusetts. You will find this story somewhat amusing, and yet undeniably disturbing.

In the early to mid-1990s, I mentioned to my PCP that I was experiencing trouble with my memory. He in turn, said -Has anyone ever talked to you about Adult Attention Deficit Disorder. I was quickly referred to a psychiatrist. I told the doctor what my PCP said. This psychiatrist immediately offered me a prescription for Ritalin. There was no discussion regarding symptoms or tests of any kind. It was simply this way: If the Ritalin helps you then we’ll know you have ADD. I returned for my next appointment telling him that the Ritalin was not working. The doctor put me on another stimulant called Dexedrine. That did not work, so he prescribed some other stimulant that I cannot remember.

At this point, I told the doctor that I was getting anxiety, so he prescribed Zyprexa. This was when it was first put on the market. I was also given a referral to a psychologist. My conversations with this psychologist focused on what I had done the previous week and how my medications were working. This went on for several years. Nothing was accomplished therapeutically. I saw some of her notes in my medical records. My mother did psychic readings for entertainment. Based on this information, my psychologist stated that my mother ran a cult. She also stated that I was sexually abused. This never happened. There was an entry in my record that said my father was not in my life because he had moved out-of-state. My father moved when I was in my mid-twenties, and he called me regularly. This is all terribly absurd.

Getting back to my medications, I told my new psychiatrist that I was feeling depressed. He put me on Paxil, with no questions asked. I went back to him three times. Each time he would say -It always works,- and he would increase the dosage at each visit. Later I was put on all of the SSRIs, like Zoloft, Paxil and Celexa, as well as Wellbutrin. My PCP prescribed an anti-depressant called Pamelor. It was not the best choice of medication for me in terms of side effects.

This psychiatric treatment escalated as time went on. It went from bad to worse. At some point, I was diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder, General Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, and panic attacks. Some of the doctor’s would add psychosis to my diagnosis. I asked one doctor if she would put me on Amantadine (I believe it is an anti-viral medication) because I read on the Internet that the Borna Virus caused Bipolar Disorder. I was desperate to escape this disease. She consented (for no reason), and a week later I was in the hospital for several days with severe hallucinations. This was at least ten years ago.

One psychiatrist put me on Klonopin for my anxiety. I was extremely sedated on it. I told him it wasn’t working. I believe my doctor said – I can give you three milligrams three times a day (no quote for this one). He said, -That’s the best I can do.- Not surprisingly, I got into a car accident. I never attributed the Klonopin to my sedation. I thought I was always tired due to lack of sleep from stress.

I went through every conceivable psychiatric medication on the market, including Depakote, Trileptal, and Seroquel (which gave me severe hallucinations). They also put me on all the second generation antipsychotics. There was one psychologist who asked me to undergo neuropsychological testing. His conclusion was that I had Asperger’s Syndrome. That diagnosis was later refuted by another Psychiatrist.

I spent ten years outpatient at a well-known mental health hospital beginning in approximately, 2000. The medication cocktails continued with the four resident doctors assigned to me. I even took medications for my supposed memory deficits. I was prescribed Namenda (as part of a study), Mirapex, and Excelon (at any earlier time). For the most part, I was kept on a regime of Lamcital 300mg, Lithium ER 1350 mg, and Risperdal at various milligrams. At about five years into my treatment, I began to complain to my doctor about tremors and restlessness. The doctor I was seeing called it Akathesia. She prescribed Inderal 80mg, rather than take me off the Risperdal.

I was on Ativian with one of my doctors. Once again, I told the doctor that I was feeling tired while driving. He prescribed Adderall to keep me awake during the day at my suggestion. I was eventually arrested for operating under the influence of drugs. This was later reduced to reckless driving. The only thing that my doctor had to say is, -I could have gotten sued.-

It has gotten to the point that I can no longer use a pen to even sign my name. A neurologist diagnosed me with Tardive Dystonia. She insisted that I go on a low dose of a tranquilizer/anti-convulsant medication, as my only option. It does not affect my driving or give me sedation, but neither it does it help my condition.

My current psychiatrist stated in my medical records that the Risperdal contributed to my Dystonia. . . in those very words. I was taken off my Risperdal almost five months ago. I feel the same as when I went on it, which probably means that I didn’t need it. She also lowered my Lithium. The medical director asked me if I knew that I was on three mood stabilizers. She asked me if I knew why I was on Risperdal. I replied that did not know. I remember two of my resident physicians at the hospital I was being treated ask me that same question. It is in my medical records.

The problem I can see in filing a complaint against the psychiatrists with the Board of Medicine, is that the doctors can simply say, based on my behavior at the time, they had justification in the continued use of the drugs they were prescribing me. I am interested in the paranormal as literally millions of people are in this country. That must have been a problem for them. It’s interesting that I have been in contact with dozens of people who share my beliefs. These people I am speaking of are productive members of society, and they are considered perfectly sane. It’s true I had debt and a spending problem. I wonder how many people are in debt, and have not been diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder? The country is 17 trillion dollars in debt for that matter. I went to Debtors Anonymous years ago, and I have not taken out a loan or credit card in three years.

I attend an unorthodox church, which is a popular religion in many parts of the United States. Their main focus is the use of mediumship to confirm the continuity of life after death. This organization has hundreds of members who receive messages from the deceased and relay them to their loved ones. I’m wondering why all of these people have not been diagnosed with mental illness. Just because, one does not accept such beliefs, does not give justification for creating a psychiatric issue. Is talk of the supernatural enough of a reason to label me as having a psychotic disorder? Am I any different those famous trance mediums who sold millions of books? I mean besides the fact that I haven’t sold millions of books.

This is what happens in the mental health system. You are already convinced of your insanity by the first mental health professional. In your visit with a new psychiatrist, you tell him or her, what you believe is wrong with you. The doctor agrees with you, and has you answer a number of questions on paper having to do with your behavior, thinking, and symptoms. Because you as the patient already know your diagnosis, you provide answers that support your belief in this diagnosis. At the end of the session, the psychiatrist gives you medications to treat the supposed ailment. In subsequent visits, you provide the psychiatrist with information, about what you believe to be bizarre thinking, and, therefore, related to your illness. The psychiatrist then documents this self-reported information in your record as evidence of your mental illness. If you move on to another psychiatrist, he or she merely accepts the diagnosis of the previous treating physician and continues on with that medication routine.

Sometimes I feel like am a perfectly normal person with a unique personality just like everyone else. The experiments I endured at the hands of the mental health professionals have set me back. I feel as if I have lost fifteen years of my life. I feel especially cheated by the psychiatrists who treated me at the mental health hospital I was a patient at for the past ten years or so. These so-called medical professionals had me believe all of this nonsense for years. I do take responsibility for allowing them to do this to me.

I admit that psychiatry is probably one of the most unrewarding medical specialties since their patients generally dislike them. Still, I’m sure there are decent, intelligent, competent, and well-intentioned medical doctors working in the mental health field. It’s just that I have only encountered the ones who should not be practicing.

Mental And Emotional Paralysis Debilitated By Depression

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We have all experienced days when we felt so sad that it drove us to tears — even if we do not even know the reason for our sorrow. We become uninterested in our daily routines, and find ourselves struggling with sluggishness and melancholy. At times, we can be so overcome with emotional distress that we do not even want to go out of the room and choose to just sleep all day. These periods of sadness are but normal for any human being. Still, these feelings of sadness should not come on a regular basis. If one regularly suffers from sadness, it may be possible that that person is already suffering from clinical depression.

At present, depression afflicts at least 17 million adults in the United States alone. Clinical depression usually starts even without the person noticing it. Some are lulled into a cycle of despair even without the slightest hint that they already have an emotional and psychological problem. Clinical depression is a medical condition that affects the mind, often leaving the person suffering from feelings of hopelessness, loss of ambition, and loss of the ability to focus on tasks and on life itself. People suffering from chronic and acute depression become so sad and apathetic that it is often extremely difficult for them to even get out of bed in the morning. The depressed person reaches a state where even the simplest activity is performed with great difficulty. Depression has both physiological and sociological causes. It may be brought on by a physical illness, an emotional trauma or experience, use of various drugs and medications, alcohol abuse, or a combination of various factors. If depression is left untreated, this condition can adversely affect academic achievement, family life, friendships, careers, and may even lead to broken relationships.

Examination of this psychological problem in physio-chemical terms would show that depression is closely linked to abnormalities or changes in brain chemistry. Poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and negative attitudes also worsen a person’s depression.

People with psychological problems usually seek help from a mental health professional who, in turn, prescribes mood balancing drugs or anti-depressants such as citalopram or flouextine. Intense psychotherapy and counseling may also be required. However, there are others who use an alternative form of medicine for a more natural treatment. Milder cases of depression can be treated solely with natural remedies without the need for antidepressant prescriptions.

Therapy that involves personal expression has been found to provide an outlet for pent-up feelings and can be a positive way to articulate deep emotions. This can take many forms such as dance, martial arts, or art lessons. Relaxation techniques can also help a person focus and gain a sense of serenity. Ancient exercise and stress relief methods such as yoga, meditation, acupuncture, and hypnosis are also popular means to treat depression.

A change in diet and the use of supplements have been found effective in dealing with depression. Adding fish oil, Zinc, and B vitamins help the body regulate chemicals that may trigger depression. Exercise is very important for physical, emotional, and mental health. Keeping active will rejuvenate the body and keep it fit, promoting a healthier lifestyle and better self image. Working out several times per week can calm the senses and invigorate the body.

Although depression has increased dramatically in today’s world, the problem of depression is as old as time. It still continues to debilitate many lives despite the availability of 21st century technologies and conveniences. We can learn on the wisdom of many different healing traditions in our quest to overcome the burden of depression. Though there are modern tools to overcome depression, one should try to seek and discover the vibrant energy and personal empowerment that everyone of us can discover, even without using drugs.

Addiction Treatment Helps With Love Avoidance, Mental Disorders, Addictions And More

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When most people think of addiction treatment, they think of alcohol, drugs or a combination of the two. However, there are many types of addiction, many of which stem from traumatic instances in a person’s life. The types of addiction that you or a loved one may be suffering from can include gambling, love, drug, alcohol, sexual or even work addiction. There may even be suffering from severe depression, codependency, panic, eating or anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder or even love avoidance. If you or a loved one suffer from any of these types of problems, then you may want to consider an inpatient therapy that is available in Arizona, that provides extensive therapy treatment programs, including holistic, spiritual, nutritional and more. Your addiction treatment begins with admittance to one of these types of very unique programs, so you will want to find an unparalleled treatment model with extensive successes.

For those who suffer from love avoidance, you can also discover an extensive treatment program specifically aimed for those suffering from this condition. Often, people who suffer from love avoidance of those who stay in a bad relationship out of obligation, when they feel their partner is getting closer, or feel that something is missing. Simply put, love avoidance is the refusal to show another person love out of your own fears of being hurt. The problem is, intimacy is certain to garner feelings of pain at times. However, guarding your self in a relationship and avoiding intimacy with the thought that you are protecting yourself from rejection and pain, is actually very detrimental. Often, if you suffer from love avoidance, you do everything possible to avoid showing for your vulnerability to your loved ones. Most people who have love avoidance are not avoiding love, but are reacting to the relationship in a very unhealthy manner.

What makes this unhealthy, is that those who suffer from love avoidance often require that their partner or loved one to continually boost their own self-esteem through praise, complements and acceptance. Often, sufferers of love avoidance will act in extreme ways, such as avoiding emotional and sexual needs in the relationship, which are often self-destructive. They will also become extremely afraid of an emotional attachment or commitment, but when you find an innovative addiction treatment program, you can discover how to overcome and address your symptoms of love avoidance, as well as any other issue that contributed to those feelings in your life. The most innovative and effective addiction treatment program available will help you to recognize your love avoidance symptoms, as well as help to explain and analyze all of the underlying factors that created this problem in your life. Although the road to recovery can be extremely long and fraught with difficulties, regardless of the addiction, disorder, depression or other issue that you have, there is treatment available that will help you to find the best and most innovative treatment to ensure that you have a successful journey to recovery and take your life back.